![]() ![]() These new approved vaccines are synthetically prepared and do not contain blood products - it is impossible to get hepatitis B from the new recombinant vaccines that are currently approved in the United States. In 1986, research resulted in a second generation of genetically engineered (or DNA recombinant) hepatitis B vaccines. The use of this vaccine was discontinued in 1990 and it is no longer available in the U.S. Merck Pharmaceuticals manufactured this plasma vaccine as "Heptavax," which was the first commercial hepatitis B virus vaccine. The most important risk factors for infection are heterosexual activity, homosexual activity and intravenous drug use. ![]() The pooled blood was subjected to multiple steps to inactive the viral particles that included formaldehyde and heat treatment (or “pasteurization”). Abstract In countries of low hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity, infection occurs mainly in adolescents and young adults (15-34 years old). This “inactivated” type of vaccine involved the collection of blood from hepatitis B virus-infected (HBsAg-positive) donors. However, hepatitis is often caused by a virus. Heavy alcohol use, toxins, some medications, and certain medical conditions can all cause hepatitis. When the liver is inflamed or damaged, its function can be affected. Exposure to blood in ANY situation can be a risk for transmission. In 1981, the FDA approved a more sophisticated plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine for human use. Overview What is hepatitis Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. The hepatitis B vaccine is estimated to prevent 38 million deaths over the lifetime of persons born between 20 in 98 low- and middle-income countries. Hepatitis B is spread by having sex with an infected person without a condom, sharing needles or 'works' when 'shooting' drugs, needlesticks or sharps exposures in a health care setting, or from an infected mother to her baby during vaginal birth. Blumberg and Millman developed the first hepatitis B vaccine, which was initially a heat-treated form of the virus. Four years after discovering the hepatitis B virus, Drs. Blood banks began using the test in 1971 to screen blood donations and the risk of hepatitis B infections from a blood transfusion decreased by 25 percent. Blumberg, microbiologist Irving Millman helped to develop a blood test for the hepatitis B virus. Originally, the virus was called the "Australia Antigen" because it was named for an Australian aborigine's blood sample that reacted with an antibody in the serum of an American hemophilia patient. In fact, sexual contact is the most common way hepatitis B is spread in the United States. It’s a resilient virus, can live for up to a week on a dry surface and it’s 50- to 100-times more infectious than HIV. Baruch Blumberg who won the Nobel Prize for his discovery. We know hepatitis B is easily transmitted through sex. The hepatitis B virus was discovered in 1965 by Dr. Therefore, a vaccine that protects against a hepatitis B infection can also help prevent liver cancer. Worldwide, chronic hepatitis B and C causes 80% of all liver cancer, which is the second most common cause of cancer death. The hepatitis B vaccine is the first anti-cancer vaccine because it can help prevent liver cancer. ![]()
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